Cognitive Support for Families and Professionals.

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common cause of dementia and involves progressive changes in the brain that affect memory, thinking, and daily functioning. Early symptoms often include difficulty remembering recent events, repeating questions, or misplacing items. As the condition progresses, individuals may experience challenges with language, problem-solving, orientation, and everyday tasks.

It occurs when reduced blood flow to the brain damages areas responsible for thinking and memory. This may happen following strokes or other conditions that affect blood vessels. Symptoms often include difficulties with attention, planning, problem-solving, and slowed thinking, and may appear suddenly or progress in steps depending on further changes in blood flow to the brain.

It is a type of progressive dementia caused by abnormal protein deposits called Lewy bodies in the brain. It often affects thinking, movement, behaviour, and sleep. Individuals may experience fluctuations in attention or alertness, visual hallucinations, movement symptoms similar to Parkinson’s disease, and changes in sleep patterns. Memory difficulties may appear later, while attention and visual-spatial challenges are often more noticeable early on.

Is a group of conditions caused by progressive changes in the frontal and temporal regions of the brain. These areas are responsible for behaviour, personality, language, and decision-making. As a result, individuals may experience noticeable changes in behaviour, social judgment, emotional regulation, or communication. Memory may remain relatively preserved in the early stages, while difficulties with behaviour or language often appear first.

It occurs when a person has more than one type of dementia-related change in the brain at the same time. The most common combination is Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. Because multiple conditions are involved, individuals may experience a mix of symptoms such as memory loss, difficulties with attention and planning, slowed thinking, or changes in behaviour and judgement.

Cognitive changes that develop in individuals who have been living with Parkinson’s disease for some time. These changes often affect attention, executive functions such as planning, organising, initiating tasks, and problem-solving, as well as visual-spatial abilities. People may also experience slower thinking, difficulties with multitasking, and changes in memory or judgment.